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Examines the thirteenth published year of the ITCRR. Runs the whole gamut of textile innovation, research and testing, some of which investigates hitherto untouched aspects. Subjects discussed include cotton fabric processing, asbestos substitutes, textile adjuncts to cardiovascular surgery, wet textile processes, hand evaluation, nanotechnology, thermoplastic composites, robotic ironing, protective clothing (agricultural and industrial), ecological aspects of fibre properties – to name but a few! There would appear to be no limit to the future potential for textile applications.

The purpose of this paper is to apply negative thermal coefficient (NTC) thick film segmented thermistors (TFSTs) in a micro‐flow sensor for water.

A TFST is printed using NTC paste based on nickel manganite. The resistance of this thermistor is measured in a climatic chamber and the resulting curves are calibrated. A micro‐flow sensor is designed using a self‐heated segmented thermistor. The sensing principle is based on heat loss depending on the water flow intensity through the capillary. Water flow calibration is performed. The sensor sensitivity, inertia, and stability are analyzed.

The micro‐flow sensor exhibits good stability, suitable sensitivity, and inertia for integral measurements of water flow.

Advantages of a micro‐flow sensor using a TFST include low energy consumption, simple measuring procedure, and passive electronics.

This paper describes initial work on a micro‐flow sensor for water using TFSTs.

This chapter provides an overview of entrepreneurship in Montenegro, through various aspects of the analysis. The chapter begins with an analysis of the role and importance of the development of entrepreneurship in Montenegro, followed by an analysis of the institutional and strategic framework for supporting the development of entrepreneurship. In this sense, a significant segment of the chapter is the analysis of various strategic documents, with a special focus placed on the role of the entrepreneurship development strategy, as well as the institutions responsible for the creation and implementation of entrepreneurship policies in Montenegro. The study also includes state measures, that is, support programs for the development of entrepreneurship, and thus the overall Montenegrin economy, which belongs to the group of less developed countries. In addition, the chapter indicates the importance of entrepreneurial learning in the development of entrepreneurial activity. The analysis shows that entrepreneurship is a concept that is increasingly used in Montenegrin economic theory, but also that it is increasingly present in everyday life, which is confirmed by numerous examples from practice. Therefore, through a multi-context analysis, the study depicts the environment for entrepreneurship development in Montenegro, including an overview of the state support, the influence of various factors, as well as certain forms of entrepreneurship that are current, and those that may be promising. The chapter ends with recommendations and guidelines for the further development of entrepreneurship in this country. With this regard, the key elements for increasing entrepreneurial activity are recognized in multiple support for a greater number of people to get involved in business, as well as in the improvement of a favorable business environment through the strengthening of institutional and infrastructural support.

The purpose of this paper is to point out the possibilities for friction welding of dissimilar steels which are used in various industries. In addition, friction welding is a welding method that is applied for executing the very responsible joints. This research is focused on friction and tribological processes in the friction plane of the two pieces during the welding.

The present study research has been conducted based on the experimental testing of cylindrical specimens and results are analyzed.

The austenite grain size is affected by several factors through the friction process phase and the compacting phase during the welding. The very fine grain is the consequence of the high degree of the plastic deformation of the near-the-contact layers even in the friction phase. The viscous layer, which is formed during the stable friction phase, is the area where the moving of matter occurs according to a very complex mechanism.

The paper contains useful results from the area of conventional friction welding of dissimilar steels and it can be very useful to researchers and engineers who deal with similar problems.

In this paper, values of deformation components (elastic, viscoelastic, plastic) of clothing wool fabrics by measuring the crease recovery angle in various directions to the warp direction (0°‐warp, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°‐weft) were determined. The size as well as the change of deformation component from warp to weft direction was presented through polar diagrams. On the basis of the results of investigation it is possible to conclude that all investigated fabrics (plain, 2/2 twill, cross twill), regardless of the biaxiality concerning quickly reversible (elastic) deformation, tend toward isotropy in total reversible deformation (elastic + viscoelastic). Concerning the plastic deformation value, mentioned investigated fabrics also express tendency toward isotropy.

The purpose of this study is to extend a sensitivity-based reliability technique for the processors deployed in industrial drive (ID).

The processor provides flexible operation, re-configurability, and adaptable compatibility in industrial motor drive system. A sensitivity-based model allows a robust tool for validating the system design. Sensitivity is the probability of a partial failure rate for a distributed variable; sensitivity and failure rates are also complementary. Conversely, traditional power electronic components reliability estimating standards have overlooked it, and it is essential to update them to account for the sensitivity parameter. A new sensitivity-based reliability prediction methodology for a typical 32-bit microprocessor operating at 30ºC deployed in ID is presented to fill this gap. The proposed techniques are compared with the estimated processor reliability values obtained from various reliability standards using the validated advanced logistics development tool. The main contribution of this work is to provide a sensitivity extended reliability method over the conventional method directing toward improving reliability, availability, and maintainability in the design of ID.

The analysis shows that the sensitivity of the processor’s circuit increases due to increases in complexity of the system by reducing the overall mean time between failure upon comparing among conventional reliability standards.

The significance of this paper lies in the overall, sensitivity-based reliability technique for processors in comparison to the traditional reliability complexity in IDs.

The purpose of this paper is comparison of experimental values of the drawing forces to numerical values in different contact conditions, taking into account the appearance of galling which occurs due to of difficult drawing process conditions.

The following two research approaches are used in this paper – the physical modeling, realized by the laboratory experiment, and the numerical simulation of the ironing drawing process. By analyzing the obtained results, the technique of physical modeling, with help of the laboratory equipment and numerical simulation by application of the finite element method, can be successfully used in studying the thin sheet ironing – strip drawing process.

It is significant to compare values of the deformation forces obtained by physical experiment to values obtained by the numerical simulation. In that way, it is possible to compare applied contact conditions (four lubricants in that case) and estimate matching of experimentally and numerically obtained results of the deformation forces. Presented results point out very good technological characteristics of ecologically friendly lubricant (single-bath) and grease based on MoS2. Significant decrease of the deformation force was achieved by its application, as well as maintaining of the lubricant’s layer during the forming process and almost complete elimination of galling on the contact.

Numerical analysis of stresses in the working piece wall, during the thin sheet strip drawing, requires precise values of the friction coefficient. It is an important indicator because one can define the contact conditions as the input data for the numerical simulation, based on its values for each type of lubricants and each value of the compressive lateral force.

The environmentally friendly lubricant tested exhibits a more favorable distribution of the drawing force during the process, mainly in experimental case. Grease based on MoS2 has good lubricating properties but that lubricant is conventional and environmentally unacceptable. Ecologically friendly lubricant can be successfully used in real ironing strip drawing process especially for high values of holding force achieving an increased tool life.

The purpose of this study is to establish a vibration prediction of pellet mills power transmission by artificial neural network. Vibration monitoring is an important task for any system to ensure safe operations. Improvement of control strategies is crucial for the vibration monitoring.

As predictive control is one of the options for the vibration monitoring in this paper, the predictive model for vibration monitoring was created.

Although the achieved prediction results were acceptable, there is need for more work to apply and test these results in real environment.

Artificial neural network (ANN) was implemented as the predictive model while extreme learning machine (ELM) and back propagation (BP) learning schemes were used as training algorithms for the ANN. BP learning algorithm minimizes the error function by using the gradient descent method. ELM training algorithm is based on selecting of the input weights randomly of the ANN network and the output weight of the network are determined analytically.

The current research work presents the application of fuzzy logic modeling for electric discharge coating (EDC) process for predicting the material transfer rate (MTR), which has the capability of producing thick and thin films on the conductive substrate material.

Thirty-two real-time experiments were conducted, and fuzzy rules were framed from the inference made from this experimental data. Validating experiments were carried out to check the feasibility of the developed model in prediction.

A fair agreement has been observed between experimental results and the outcomes of fuzzy model. This was supported by a goodness of fit value of 0.917. The values of adjusted R² and standard error were 0.914 and 19.112, respectively.

Current research deals with the prediction of MTR at various parameter grouping conditions, which majorly influence the response parameters. However, other parameters such as quality of the dielectric fluid, flushing pressure and purity of the electrode and work material and so on that influence the response parameters could be further investigated and stand as a future scope of the current work.

MTR is a response parameter that accounts the actual material transfer to the workpiece during the deposition process. This parameter supports/alters the hardness, adhesion, wear resistance and other mechanical properties of the work material. The current modeling work helps to take an optimum decision without conducting large number of experiments at the industrial scale. Due to the nature of fuzzy logic, this method has a potential advantage in dealing with real-time data for various industrial applications.

Developing a fuzzy model for EDC process is not yet addressed, and to attain the economic objective of the process, optimal deposition conditions must be determined, which help the industries to reduce the operation costs. The current study outcomes substantiate the effectiveness of the fuzzy logic in decision-making and prediction of response parameters.

Sensing technology has been extensively researched and used due to its applications in industrial production and daily life. Due to inherent limitations of conventional silicon-based technology, researchers are now-a-days paying more attention to flexible electronics to design low-cost, high-sensitivity devices. This observational and analytical study aims to emphasis on carbon monoxide gas sensor. This review also focuses the challenges faced by flexible devices, offers the most recent research on paper-based gas sensors and pays special focus on various sensing materials and fabrication techniques.

To get the better insight into opportunities for future improvement, a number of research papers based on sensors were studied and realized the need to design carbon monoxide gas sensor. A number of parameters were then gone through to decide the flexibility parameter to be considered for design purposes. This review also focuses on the challenges faced by flexible devices and how they can be overcome.

It has been shown that carbon monoxide gas, being most contaminated gas, needs to be fabricated to sense low concentration at room temperature, considering flexibility as an important parameter. Regarding this parameter, some tests must be done to test whether the structure sustains or degrades after bending. The parameters required to perform bending are also described.

Due to inherent limitations of conventional silicon-based technology, now-a-days attention is paid towards flexible electronics to design low-cost, high-sensitivity devices. A number of research articles are provided in the literature concerning gas sensing for different applications using several sensing principles. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of recent developments in carbon monoxide gas sensors along with the design possibilities for flexible paper-based gas sensors. All the aspects have been taken into consideration for the fabrication, starting with paper characterization techniques, various sensing materials, manufacturing methodologies, challenges in the fabrication of flexible devices and effects of bending and humidity on the sensing performance.